英国论文中复合句式的运用

　　很多习惯了中文风格的留学生在写英国论文的时候，常会有遣词造句不够复杂，稍显思维不够sophisticated之感。以下从死记硬背、有意识地使用和日常积累两个途径介绍如何运用复合句式，让你的English writing变得classy起来。

　　复合句（complex sentence），需要一个或一个以上的从句，配合一个主句。相信forming a complex sentence with关联词，such as that，although，where，because等等，对于很多学生并非难题。稍加注意即可完成。比较难的是如何在使用连词的同时，架构学术writing。

　　1、运用连词和固定搭配。

　　比如，考虑到就有considering，with regarding to，regarding，taking。。。into。。。consideration/account into。非常不建议运用I considered these elements and concluded that。。之类的表达，一眼看上去就像是中文翻译而来。稍微变换句式，将elements放在句首，就会变成常见的English writing：taking these elements into consideration，I drew a conclusion that这样书写不仅去掉了“不地道的味儿”，还显得作者得出结论既客观，又有理有据。十分推荐！

　　再比如，在对实验数据、文献进行分析的表达方式。中文表达是：通过对这些数据进行分析，我们发现不少学生会写为：Through analyzing these data collected，I found that建议可换成：From the data that is collected and analyzed, it is found out that…或者On the basis of the data collected

　　以下举个例子：

　　The absolute priority rule provides that creditors with higher priority must be paid in full beforecreditors of lower priority receive any distribution from a bankruptcy estate, and therebyensures a fair and equitable distribution of the debtors propertyconsistent with the priorities under the applicable non-bankruptcy law.As a result, in the absence of consent, secured claims must be paid in full from collateral before general unsecured creditors receive any recovery. Similarly,because equity holders have the lowest priority, in the absence of consent, they cannot receive any distribution until all creditors have received payment in full on account of their allowed claims. Consent to the payment of a junior class can be obtained through a vote of the senior class on a plan of re-organisation. （This paragraph is extracted from The Insolvency Review，7^thedition）.

　　第一句话的第一个分句使用了before将中文中习惯于将发生在之后的事件放在句首，以此突出该句话的重点是“the absolute priority rule”；其次，第二个分句中使用了thereby，将第一个分句与第二个分句相连接（第一个分句的成立，才能推导出第二个分句的成立，这是thereby的内在含义）；第三在第二个分句中采用了“consistent with”，将整句话的中心紧紧扣在了“priority rule”上。整个段落，在一句话交代“priority rule”的作用之后，用“as a result”连接了例外情况下（同意的例外），priority rule对有担保和无担保债权人适用的结果。并用“similarly”，交代了priority rule适用于权益持有人（股东）的结果。最后解释了例外适用（同意）。整个段落的逻辑用了不同的连词，将规则的适用、对不同债权人的影响，以及规则的例外以有层次、逻辑推进的方式呈现出现。非常有必要学习之。

　　2、日常的积累

　　上述介绍的死记硬背短句、词汇的方式稍显生硬，要想写好Complex sentences，练就句式的架构和逻辑的排列，需要的是日常的积累。当思维方式已经complex enough时，写出complex sentences will be just a piece of cake.比如挑选可读性强的文章多看多读，mark上重点词汇或者take notes。不时地可以翻来看看加强印象。